The injected beam of negatively charged hydrogen ions (H^-) is converted to protons (H⁺) by the removal of two electrons through the first stripper foil and then merged into the circulating beam orbit (red line). Since H⁺ and the H^- beams bend in opposite directions when exposed to a magnet, they are superimposed at the foil for many turns without beam size expansion. The remaining H^- and H⁰ are called waste beams and are stripped to H⁺ by the 2nd and 3rd foils and then transported to the injection dump (I-dump) for disposal.