1-15　Mechanism of Vertical Migration of Radiocesium into Soils

－Effect of Sorption Kinetics upon Vertical Migration of Radiocesium into Soils－

Fig.1-30 Schematic of the developed model

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Fig.1-30 Schematic of the developed model

Soil comprises solid, liquid, and gaseous components. Radiocesium migrates in liquid by advection and dispersion. During the migration, sorption and desorption happen back and forth according to the chemical condition. While instantaneous equilibrium is often assumed for sorption, our model introduced fully kinetic terms for both reversible and irreversible sorption sites of the soil matrix.

 

Fig.1-31 Comparison between the model results and the measurements

Fig.1-31 Comparison between the model results and the measurements

Our model successfully reproduced the exponential-shape profiles with long tails at large depth that the previous models could not express. The profiles in the figure represent the vertical distribution of radiocesium nine months after the fallout.

 

Fig.1-32 Results of the parameter-exploration analysis

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Fig.1-32 Results of the parameter-exploration analysis

Parameter-exploration analysis revealed that the sorption kinetics give rise to the initial exponential shape and that different rates of kinetic sorption and desorption cause the long tail in the depth distribution.

 

Despite radiocesium’s affinity for binding to soil, it gradually migrates deeper into the ground over time. This results in a faster rate of reduction of air-dose rates than would otherwise be expected by radioactive decay. The depth profile and fixation of radiocesium in soil affects its uptake by vegetation and its redistribution by soil erosion and sediment transport. Therefore, it is important to understand the physicochemical processes that alter radiocesium-depth distributions in soil.

The profiles of radiocesium activity measured with depth in the soil often show exponential shapes with long-tails at large depth. However, previous models, such as the simple diffusion model, have been unable to express such profiles. Based on investigations of radiocesium adsorbed by soil minerals, desorption experiments, and field monitoring, we assumed such vertical distributions were affected by sorption kinetics at reversible and irreversible sites. Therefore, we developed an advection-dispersion equation with fully kinetic reversible/irreversible sorption terms (Fig.1-30).

We compared the model results against the measured depth profile in Fukushima Prefecture (Fig.1-31). The previous models such as the simple diffusion model and the DSF model were unable to express the exponential shapes with long-tails, while our model agreed well with the measured profile.

Then, we conducted a set of analyses to examine the effect of reversible/irreversible sorption kinetics upon the depth distributions (Fig.1-32). The results revealed that the sorption kinetics give rise to the initial exponential shape and that different rates of kinetic sorption and desorption cause the long tail in the depth distribution. We will predict how dose-rate evolution is affected by the migration of radiocesium into soils as the next step of our research.

Reference
Kurikami, H. et al., Coupling the Advection-Dispersion Equation with Fully Kinetic Reversible/Irreversible Sorption Terms to Model Radiocesium Soil Profiles in Fukushima Prefecture, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, vol.171, 2017, p.99-109.

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